Netzkontor GmbH

Power System Analysis – Technical Fundamentals

Grid calculation is a key planning tool in the field of electricity supply. It is used to simulate electrical power distribution grids under various load and feed-in conditions. The goal is to ensure the safe and economical operation of the grid—both today and under future expansion or load scenarios.

What Does a Grid Calculation Entail?

Grid calculation refers to the mathematical analysis of voltage, current, and power within an electrical grid. This process verifies whether all equipment—such as cables, lines, switchgear, and transformers—is operating within its technical limits.

Typical components of a grid calculation

• Load flow analysis: Determination of current flows and voltage profiles throughout the entire grid.
• Short-circuit calculation: Assessment of the grid’s capacity to withstand faults, such as short circuits or ground faults.
• Selectivity analysis: Ensuring that, in the event of a fault, only the affected section of the grid is shut down.
• Voltage drop analysis: Verification that permissible voltage deviations are maintained.

Applications and Benefits

Grid calculations are used in both new grid planning and grid modernization projects. They help identify bottlenecks early on, make investment decisions, and prevent service interruptions. They are also indispensable when integrating generation facilities (e.g., photovoltaic or wind power).