Netzkontor GmbH

Grade 1 Explained

Grid Level 1, also known as the extra-high-voltage grid, is the top level of the power grid and is responsible for the interregional transmission of large amounts of energy. With voltages ranging from 220 kV to 380 kV, it enables the efficient transmission of electrical energy over long distances and connects power plants to the downstream grid levels. 

Function and Significance

The extra-high-voltage grid is used to transport electricity from large generation facilities, such as conventional power plants or offshore wind farms, to regional distribution grids. The high voltage minimizes transmission losses, enabling an efficient energy supply. In addition, this grid level plays a central role in international electricity trading and grid stability. 

Operators in Germany

In Germany, Grid Level 1 is operated by four transmission system operators (TSOs):

• 50Hertz Transmission GmbH
• Amprion GmbH
• TenneT TSO GmbH
• TransnetBW GmbH

These companies are responsible for the operation, maintenance, and expansion of the extra-high-voltage grid, thereby ensuring a reliable electricity supply.

Challenges and Future Prospects

As the share of renewable energy increases, so do the demands on the extra-high-voltage grid. The expansion of wind and solar energy requires adjustments to the grid structure to efficiently integrate decentralized feed-in. Projects such as the Electricity Grid Development Plan aim to eliminate bottlenecks and increase grid capacity.